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Short Wave ·Oct 9, 2026 ·12 min

One of the toughest parts of ADHD is left out of the diagnosis

Evaluation and Summary

7.0/10

Short Wave explores a significant gap in ADHD diagnosis: the exclusion of emotional dysregulation from the DSM diagnostic criteria, despite clinical recognition of this symptom since the 1970s. The episode features Dr. Sasha Hamdani, who discusses her book "Too Sensitive" and explains the neuroscience behind Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD)—an intense emotional response to perceived rejection that affects many people with ADHD. The core argument is that while behavioral symptoms of ADHD are easily measured and therefore included in diagnostic criteria, emotional regulation difficulties were sidelined because they're harder to quantify, despite being a core feature of the disorder for many patients. Hamdani advocates for updating diagnostic standards to include emotional dysregulation. The episode references substantial peer-reviewed research spanning decades, from Wender's 1971 foundational work on minimal brain dysfunction through recent neuroscience reviews examining the validity and etiology of emotional dysregulation in ADHD. The show notes cite multiple authoritative sources including Barkley's comprehensive handbook, Shaw et al.'s American Journal of Psychiatry study on emotion dysregulation in ADHD, and Faraone's 2019 review of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD. The episode appears to connect the historical oversight of emotional symptoms to current diagnostic limitations and clinical implications, positioning this as both a scientific and practical issue affecting diagnosis and treatment.

Verdict: A well-researched, focused episode that identifies a genuine gap in psychiatric diagnosis and explains it clearly, though the brief format limits depth of exploration.

Science rubric

  • Scientific accuracy 4/5 20%

    Episode cites peer-reviewed research from reputable sources (AJP, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews) and references established researchers like Barkley; claims about DSM exclusion and historical recognition are factually grounded in cit

  • Clarity for non-experts 3/5 20%

    Show notes indicate the episode explains RSD and emotional dysregulation concepts, but without hearing the actual episode, unclear how accessible the neuroscience explanation is; 12-minute format suggests some complexity must be simplified.

  • Sense of discovery 4/5 15%

    The framing of a known clinical phenomenon being systematically excluded from diagnostic criteria is genuinely interesting; the historical narrative (1970s recognition → modern omission) offers fresh perspective on why ADHD diagnosis may be

  • Substance 3/5 15%

    Episode covers a focused topic with cited research and expert guest, but 12 minutes limits depth; likely solid content without extensive padding, though brevity may prevent thorough exploration of mechanisms or treatment implications.

  • Delivers on its title 5/5 15%

    Title promises explanation of what's left out of ADHD diagnosis; episode directly addresses emotional dysregulation's exclusion from DSM criteria and explores why, fully delivering on the premise.

  • Value for time 4/5 15%

    12-minute format is appropriate for focused topic; episode appears to move efficiently from problem (missing criterion) to explanation (RSD neuroscience) to advocacy (need for change) without obvious filler.

How we score Science

Worth it if you have ADHD, suspect you might, or are interested in how diagnostic criteria get shaped by measurement convenience rather than clinical reality.

Based on the episode description. AI-generated; it can be wrong.

Show notes

ADHD diagnoses are on the rise in the United States, but what if professionals are missing a key part of the disorder? In the 1970s, some clinicians recognized a lot of their ADHD patients had trouble with emotional regulation. But because it was easier to measure behavior rather than emotions, the criteria eventually fell off the radar. Today in the U.S., emotional dysregulation is not a part of the ADHD diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Dr. Sasha Hamdani thinks that needs to change. In today’s episode, she talks about her book Too Sensitive , and explains what is going on in the brains of people with Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria.  Interested in more mental health science? Email us your question at shortwave@npr.org . Support public media with NPR+ and enjoy perks for over 25 podcasts like this one. This show’s perks include sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org .  Wender, P. H. (1971). Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children. Wiley-Interscience. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4581984/   Barkley, R. A. (2015). Emotional dysregulation is a core component of ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (4th ed., pp. 81–115). Guilford Press. https://www.guilford.com/excerpts/barkley2.pdf?t=1   Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., & Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry , 171(3), 276–293. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966 Faraone, S. V., et al. (2019). Emotional dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Validity, aetiology, and clinical implications. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 107, 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.021 Bondü, R., & Esser, G. (2015). Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 24(2), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0560-9 Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD): Symptoms & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic Health Library. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24099-rejection-sensitive-dysphoria-rsd See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for sponsorship and to manage your podcast sponsorship preferences. NPR Privacy Policy

Episode page

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